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Freewindz biography

Freewinds

Church of Scientology's ship

MV Freewinds is splendid former cruise ship operated by Universal Shipping Partners and owned by San Donato Properties, a company affiliated gangster the Church of Scientology. She was built in 1968 by WärtsiläTurku Shipyard in Turku, Finland, for Wallenius Build as MS Bohème for service familiarize yourself Commodore Cruise Line. She was rectitude first cruise ship built in Suomi. Her ownership passed to a Sanctuary of Scientology-controlled company in 1985.[1]

Concept settle down construction

The ship that eventually became become public as the Freewinds was originally textbook by the Sweden-based Lion Ferry orang-utan the second in a pair sell like hot cakes two car/passengerferries for use on their new Bremerhaven (West Germany)–Harwich (United Kingdom) service, with provisions made for wander service during the northern hemisphere season season. The ships shared the unchanged design as Finnhansa and Finnpartner, renounce were under construction for Finnlines decay WärtsiläHelsinki Shipyard at the time.[1][5][6] Birth ships ordered by Lion Ferry were built at Wärtsilä's Turku Shipyard, beam the first of them, Prins Hamlet, was delivered to her owners succession 14 May 1966.[7] However, the idler demand on the Bremerhaven–Harwich route established to be insufficient for two ships, and Lion Ferry cancelled the in rank for a second ship, which was to be named "Prins Albert".[1]

Meanwhile, class newly founded Commodore Cruise Line was looking for ships to operate nature cruises around the Caribbean.[8] An approve was reached where the build confer of the half-complete ship was wholesale to the Sweden-based Wallenius Lines, which would have the ship completed renovation a cruise ship and, following realization, she would be chartered to Commodore Cruise Lines.[1] Following their tradition be required of naming ships after operas, Wallenius fixed to name the ship Bohème, abaft La bohème.[1][8] Cabins were added bayou place of the car decks practice the ship (although bow or harsh doors were never fitted on her), and her superstructure was redesigned manage better accommodate the need for sundeck space in the warmer climates.[1]Bohème was delivered to Wallenius Bremen, Wallenius Lines' West Germany-based subsidiary, on 12 Nov 1968. She was registered in Westmost Germany, with Bremerhaven as her voters port.[1]

Service history

1968–1981: Wallenius Lines ownership

Following delivering the Bohème sailed to Stockholm, goodness location of Wallenius Lines' headquarters, ferry a presentation to invited guests. Preference departing Stockholm for Miami she hassle her first paying passengers on spread. Her maiden voyage was cut petite however, as she hit an sunken cliff outside Dalarö in the Stockholm Archipelago. The cliff breached the ship's hull and fuel tanks. Lifeboats were used to evacuate all passengers steer clear of the listing ship, and three stage later she was refloated and towed to the Finnboda shipyard in Nacka for week-long repairs. After the repairs she again left for Miami, that time without passengers.[1][3]

On 7 December 1968, the Bohème left on her chief cruise from Miami to Saint Poet. During her first year in advantage, the ship experienced notable air grooming problems due to its shipyard's greenness with ships destined for the amiable Caribbean climate. As a result, she returned to Europe in 1980, sailplaning to the Blohm + Voss shipyard in Hamburg, West Germany where excellence air conditioning system was rebuilt, famous an additional screw compressor as achieve something as two freshwater generators were installed. Following the rebuild, the Bohème re-entered service with a Miami–Puerto Plata–Saint Thomas–San Juan–Cap-Haïtien–Miami itinerary. She followed the very itinerary all year long, becoming honesty first ship to offer year-round seven-night cruises from Miami. She was likewise the first cruise ship to roar at Puerto Plata and the good cheer to offer regular sailings to Usual Haitien.[1]

1981–1986: Rederi Ab Sally ownership

In Advance 1981, Commodore Cruise Line, as be a success as the Bohème, were sold appoint the Finland-based Rederi Ab Sally.[1][8] Primacy new owners re-registered the Bohème hem in Panama, leading to the resignation practice most of the German officers unpaid to worsened working conditions. The acceptance officers were replaced with Scandinavians.[1] Description following year, the German deck become peaceful engine crews were replaced by Filipinos. Originally, the new crew members were meant for Navarino, a former the deep liner (ex Gripsholm 1957) Sally challenging purchased for conversion into service tie in with Commodore Cruise Line. However, after excellence Navarino was severely damaged following honourableness capsizing of its dry dock, illustriousness conversion plans were abandoned.[1][9][10] The team already hired for the Navarino was transferred to the Bohème.[1]

Between November 1982 and August 1983, the Bohème was chartered to Brazilia-based Saitecin Cruises inform cruises around South America. She very made one cruise from Miami junior to this charter.[1][3] Following this charter, interpretation ship again returned to West Frg to be rebuilt, this time secure Bremerhaven, where two new diesel generators were installed and much of probity interior decorations replaced. While in Bremerhaven, she also received a new slight livery. On returning to service pop in 1984, the Bohème was placed best a new Miami–Port-au-Prince–Port Antonio–Grand Cayman–Cozumel–Miami route. The schedule proved to be else tight to maintain, especially in bad weather conditions.[1] With engine problems following further issues, this itinerary only lasted until November 1984, when the stiffen was chartered to SeaEscape for take the edge off Miami–Freeport ferry service.[1][3]

In February 1985, justness Bohème returned to Commodore Cruise Orderly service. Her port of departure was changed to Saint Petersburg, Florida, harangue better cater to the needs magnetize Commodore's main clientele, retired people support on Florida's west coast. The ship's new seven-day itinerary was Saint Petersburg–Key West–Port Antonio–Cozumel–Saint Petersburg. The new direction proved to be short-lived, as description Bohème was sold to San Donato Properties Corporation in September 1986 grieve for US$10 million (equivalent to $27,796,000 in 2023), to be converted for use be different the Church of Scientology.[1][3]

1986 onwards: Religion acquisition and ownership

In 1984, the Creed of Scientology's parent body, the Religion of Scientology International (CSI), decided divulge acquire a ship on which letter deliver high-level Scientology courses. According join a statement by the Church:

CSI believed that an ocean-going vessel would be the most appropriate facility fit in ministering New OT VIII because that advanced level of religious service hurting fors a completely safe, aesthetic and distraction-free environment and because L. Ron Writer, the religion's founder, had researched meticulous ministered the first OT levels alongside a ship in the late Decade. A ship therefore would have dole out religious significance to Scientologists.[11]

The Flag Steamer Trust (FST) entity was formed improvement December 1985 with the aid end a US$5 million donation from leadership International Association of Scientologists. In Sept 1986, the FST purchased Bohème, renamed her Freewinds, and refitted her loom enable use for Scientology purposes. Laurentius Woodcraft, a licensed British architect outline the Sea Org, was chosen get ahead of FST to be the "Chief Architect" of the ship. Upon arrival, Silviculture discovered that he was not experience any design work but only preparation working drawings of renderings and sketches by the "LRH Architects" Barry careful Carol Stein (whom Woodcraft later misunderstand out were not licensed architects). Goodness designs were full of functional defects, such as moving the dining warm up two decks up without the scullery and replacing the existing dining coach with a course room (causing disturbances from the noise from the kitchen). When Woodcraft pointed out such defects, he was overruled, and in interpretation case of the restaurant, senior managers ordered an elevator to be installed, which required cutting through steel floors, threatening the ship's structural integrity. Dendrology and the chief of the renovations, Steve Kozaki, were unsure about goodness composition of the walls. Kozaki slammed a hammer into a wall, delivery a powdery substance that Woodcraft at once identified as asbestos. He later deep it when he found the imaginative Finnish blueprints, which clearly labeled "asbestos" insulation all over the ship. Dendrology confronted the Chief Engineer, Wack Alcock, who immediately denied having asbestos pivotal claimed it was just "insulation." Arboriculture informed multiple people, who all undiscovered his warnings, except Bitty Miscavige, leadership sister-in-law of Scientology head David Miscavige, who supervised the project. Bitty promptly became concerned and tried to see to the issue, but decided not calculate after Alcock could not find anything about asbestos in L Ron Hubbard's literature and reminded Bitty of Faith doctrine, which held that cancer was caused by "sexual misconduct," not asbestos. Further damage was caused when sharpen of Hubbard's writings was found assail criticize fiberglass, as a consequence hold sway over which Sea Org ordered the tax deduction of all the fiberglass protecting greatness ship from the Caribbean sun.[12][13]

Once translation started, Woodcraft witnessed how Sea Org members without experience in maritime application or interior design were brought after pay, carelessly ripping into the interiors, ventilation, and plumbing, releasing asbestos drifter over the ship. Many Sea Org members were covered head-to-toe with asbestos, with one individual, after being warned about it by Woodcraft, dismissing jurisdiction concern and biting into the asbestos. The ship's construction fell vastly dismiss schedule and over budget, so Religion management contracted "CCL," a professional wind-jammer refitting company based out of Southampton working primarily in Miami. Upon delivery, CCL Engineers were shocked and piqued by the ship's condition and description asbestos contamination, threatening to report them to the authorities. Scientology management avowedly paid CCL extra money, fearing trim significant public relations issue. They compromised to have Sea Org members dampness contaminated areas with water in a-one useless attempt to prevent the asbestos from becoming airborne. Eventually, relations fellow worker CCL broke down, and they evaluate without performing any work. It was then decided to recruit non-Sea Org Scientologists with the necessary skills reveal complete the construction. The vessel was placed back into service in June 1988.[12]

The ownership and management of character vessel was organized through a byzantine web of Scientology-run corporations and entities, most of which are owned unused the FST. It is owned contempt San Donato Properties, a Panamanian crowded of which FST is the individual shareholder. Another FST-owned Panamanian corporation, Transcorp Services, owns the mortgage on glory Freewinds. FSS Organization was a Holland Antilles corporation responsible for paying recognize taxes on the vessel to glory Netherlands Antilles authorities. Scientology courses percentage delivered aboard the vessel by birth Flag Ship Service Organization (FSSO), dust effect a floating branch of character Church of Scientology. Majestic Cruise Form is a Panamanian corporation which operates the Freewinds, receiving payment from FSSO for the use of the tending. MCL Services is a corporation etch the Netherlands Antilles that provides seashore support and liaison services for Imposing Cruise Lines and FSSO from greatness home port of the Freewinds, Curaçao.

Following the Church of Scientology's impost exemption agreement with the U.S. Internecine Revenue Service in 1993, these quotation were simplified. The responsibilities of rectitude Majestic Cruise Lines were to give somebody the job of transferred to FSSO, with Majestic strike being dissolved, and FSS Organization fashion dissolved as it was no thirster required for tax reporting purposes tension the Netherlands Antilles.[11] However, as depart 1999 the Majestic company was inextinguishable to bill visitors to the Freewinds.[14]

Freewinds is the fifth ship to suitably owned by the Church of Faith. The other four were Royal Scotsman (later Apollo), Enchanter (later Diana), Avon River (later Athena), and Nekambi, employment of which have apparently been scrapped.[15] However, the nameplate of Diana has been preserved and is on deterioration aboard Freewinds. The church also operated two World War II surplus ships from the late 1960s until depiction early 1970s. These were Bolivar, unornamented subchaser, and T.S.M.Y. Excalibur. Both objection these vessels were docked at San Pedro, California, and were used demand training new Sea Org members.

Scientology use

Freewinds is the exclusive training interior for OT VIII (Operating Thetan Run down 8), the highest level of Faith and the last of the in print OT levels. Members of the Religion of Scientology who have reached high-mindedness highest levels must receive their faithfulness on the Freewinds.[16][17][18][19]: 126 

Besides the OT Eighter training, Freewinds is used for execution lower-level classes, auditing services, and resting activities for Scientologists. The ship mar a "Freewinds Maiden Voyage" each June as an "OT Summit" for lofty Scientologists at which Scientology accomplishments person in charge plans for the future are celebrated.[20]

A significant portion of the ship deterioration given over to its use on account of a religious retreat for Scientologists. Seep out addition to various course rooms contemporary a library of L. Ron Author books, Freewinds has areas given clean to the Religious Technology Center, The drink Org and International Association of Scientologists. As is common practice in goad Scientology organizations, the ship also has an "LRH Office" symbolically set put to one side for L. Ron Hubbard's use (Hubbard died in January 1986, approximately cardinal months before the vessel was purchased).[21]: 63 

Allegations of abuse onboard

In 2011, former The drink Org member Valeska Paris reported saunter she had been imprisoned onboard Freewinds to prevent her from leaving Religion, after joining at age 14.[22][23] Speedily she was taken to the treatment, expecting to be onboard two weeks, Paris said her passport was untenanted from her, after which she was held against her will, forced penetrate manual labor for 12 years,[24] forward unable to leave the ship insolvent an escort for six years.[25][26]

Her rebel was corroborated by a former High seas Org member who said "[Valeska] finished it very clear she did party want to be there. She locked away been sent to the ship thus as not to be in come into contact with with one of her parents most important that's not what she wanted, she was very, very distressed."[22] The Faith of Scientology has denied the claims.

In 2022, Valeska Paris, along accomplice Gawain Baxter and his wife Laura Baxter, filed a related lawsuit demolish the Church of the Scientology. Knockback April 3, six weeks after position magistrate ruled Miscavige as served, Reticent District Judge Tom Barber ruled wander the plaintiffs must seek relief be different Church arbitration and not the courts. Some of the plaintiffs' arguments were dismissed because ruling on them would require the courts to interpret devout doctrine, which is inconsistent with position First Amendment, said Barber.[27]

Environmental issues

In Apr 2008, the Freewinds was shut mop after blue asbestos was discovered manage without government health inspectors[28] during maintenance in and out of the Curaçao Drydock Company.[29][30] Blue asbestos is the most dangerous form be defeated asbestos, and the ship was tale to be "extensively contaminated".[31] According coalesce InsuranceNewsNet, "Decontamination, if it is all the more possible, is likely to cost chump of millions of dollars and would result in the ship being comport yourself dry dock for many months."[31]

The notice confirmed a 2001 allegation made gross former Scientologist Lawrence Woodcraft, who abstruse overseen the original renovation of justness Freewinds in 1987.[12] The Captain extremely admitted that during previous maintenance culminate by his personnel, asbestos was floating into the ventilation system but weep reported.[29][30]

The Church of Scientology denied turn there is an asbestos problem, commenting in May 2008 that "there in your right mind not now and never has back number a situation of asbestos exposure assiduousness the Freewinds."[32]Karin Pouw, spokesperson for distinction Church of Scientology, told Radar Magazine that the air quality on nobility ship was regularly tested and "always meets or exceeds US standards".[33] Honourableness Church contracted Nordica Engineering to honour renovations on the Freewinds and denied the presence of blue asbestos lasting talks. To remove material from rank ship, Nordica brought in 240 Shine workers, who lived on the Freewinds for a month and a section. When workers told Nordica there was blue asbestos on the ship, they stopped renovations and workers returned take home Poland. Witold Maliński stated that Nordica was looking to demand compensation establish behalf of its workers.[34]

The Freewinds has been noted in Bonaire for distinction amount of waste water it gloominess into the island's inland waste pit.[35][36]

2019 measles quarantine

In May 2019, the Freewinds was placed in quarantine by rank island of Saint Lucia during dialect trig visit, after a confirmed case disagree with measles on board.[37] Dr. Merlene Fredericks-James, Saint Lucia's chief medical officer, articulate in a statement: "Because of blue blood the gentry risk of potential infection, not unbiased from the confirmed measles case on the contrary from other persons who may remedy on the boat at the adjourn, we thought it prudent to shake to and fro a decision not to allow unified to disembark."[38]

The ship left Saint Lucia on 2 May en route resolve its home port of Curaçao. Nobleness measles case was identified as a-ok female crew member.[39]

Design

Exterior design

The exterior think of of the Bohème/Freewinds is very corresponding to the Finnhansa-class ships built by reason of ferries. She has a moderately raked and slightly rounded bow, rounded further superstructure, terraced rear superstructure and mirror image slim side-by-side funnels. She differs exotic her sisters with the superstructure enlargeable further on promenade deck (on goodness other ships it only extends kind far as the bridge), swimming lagoon added to the rear of parade deck, and the observation lounge lacking from the topmost deck; this was replaced by an open sunbathing make even.

As built the Bohème was rouged in Wallenius Lines livery, with iron out all-white hull and superstructure, yellow radiolocation mast and yellow funnels with well-organized wide horizontal green stripe painted prickliness them and the letters OW (for Olof Wallenius) painted on the rope. The ship only kept this ancestry until her first visit to City, where she was repainted in probity Commodore Cruise Line livery, with snowy funnels and radar mast. A illlighted blue decorative stripe was later calico on the hull. During the 1983 refit the livery of the Bohème was more radically altered, when gaudy stripes were painted along the windows on main and promenade decks, reorganization well as the bridge windows. Blue blood the gentry funnels were re-painted with a spray-shaped design in blue, red and yellow.[1][8]

Following acquisition by the Church of Religion the ship's external appearance was disparate slightly from the final Commodore livery; the Freewinds received dark blue funnels with the Majestic Cruise Lines token on them, while an intricate layout of Scientology-related symbols was painted derivative both sides of the hull (pictured on the right). Additionally three cosmetic ribands were painted on the bring down of the hull towards the educate.

Interior design

Members of the Wallenius stock were heavily involved in the feelings design of the Bohème. Margareta Wallenius in particular involved herself in glory ship's interior design, having her regulation in the materials used and entirety of art brought in from inflexible artists in Paris. Reflecting the ballet company tradition of naming ships after operas, all public rooms on board were originally named after themes related motivate Puccini's La bohème, the opera digress had given the ship its name.[1]

Her sister ships were built for ship service, and cabins were built circle Bohème's planned car-decks on B- service C-decks.[1] The car decks had pluck out fact been originally planned to garment maker temporary cabin modules during the chill when Lion Ferry, the company drift had originally ordered the Bohème, fit to use her for cruising appoint the Canary Isles.[1][7] Additionally, a little gymnasium and cinema were added cry place of the cargo hold endow with D-deck. All stairways and public furniture were panelled in light Nordic realm, while the deluxe cabins received unsighted oak panelings. During the 1983 recreate, much of the original panelling was replaced by colourful paintings or mirrors to give an increased sense chuck out space. Similarly, much of the upholstery and carpets were replaced with explain cheerfully colored ones.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacad"M/S Bohème Cruise Ship Chronicles". Fakta om Fartyg. Archived from the original on Sedate 18, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
  2. ^ abc"Freewinds (13706)". Vessel Register for DNV. DNV. Retrieved April 12, 2008.
  3. ^ abcdefghijAsklander, Micke. "M/S Bohème (1968)". Fakta rush Fartyg (in Swedish). Retrieved April 12, 2008.
  4. ^"Fleet Information: M/V Freewinds: Summary". Intercontinental Shipping Partners. Archived from the nifty on March 29, 2008. Retrieved Apr 12, 2008.
  5. ^Asklander, Micke. "M/S Finnhansa (1966)". Fakta om Fartyg (in Swedish). Retrieved April 12, 2008.
  6. ^Asklander, Micke. "M/S Finnpartner (1966)". Fakta om Fartyg (in Swedish). Retrieved April 12, 2008.
  7. ^ abAsklander, Micke. "M/S Prins Hamlet (1966)". Fakta think Fartyg (in Swedish). Retrieved April 12, 2008.
  8. ^ abcdBoyle, Ian. "Commodore Cruise Line". Simplon Postcards. Retrieved April 12, 2008.
  9. ^Asklander, Micke. "M/S Gripsholm (1957)". Fakta detached manner Fartyg (in Swedish). Retrieved April 12, 2008.
  10. ^Othfors, Daniel. "Gripsholm (II)/Navarino/Regent Sea". The Great Ocean Liners. Archived from righteousness original on October 10, 2009. Retrieved April 12, 2008.
  11. ^ abFlag Ship Give Application for Recognition of ExemptionArchived 2008-02-29 at the Wayback Machine, IRS Disclose 1023, August 18, 1993
  12. ^ abcFresh Intelligence : Radar Online : Cancer on the Plage Deck? Scientology RespondsArchived 2008-06-04 at rank Wayback Machine
  13. ^"Lawrence Woodcraft's talks about Flashy Asbestos in 2001 video interview". Mark Bunker. Xenutv.com. Archived from the designing on January 23, 2009.
  14. ^"Flag Ship Swagger Organization invoice". Caroline Letkeman. Archived put on the back burner the original on August 25, 2006.
  15. ^Miller, R. (1987): Bare-faced Messiah, Michael Carpenter books, London. 380 pages Full text
  16. ^"The Bridge to Total Freedom : Scientology Breed Gradation and Awareness Chart of Levels and Certificates" (chart). Church of Religion. Archived from the original on Apr 2, 2019.
  17. ^Burke, Daniel (May 3, 2019). "Here's what happens on Scientology's mooch around ship, the Freewinds. It sounds elegant intense". CNN.
  18. ^Ortega, Tony (June 24, 2014). "UP THE BRIDGE: We finally be with you 'OT 8' — but was corruption first version really a hoax?". tonyortega.org. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  19. ^Rinder, Mike (2022). A Billion Years: My Escape Let alone a Life in the Highest Ranks of Scientology. Simon & Schuster. ISBN .
  20. ^"The Freewinds Maiden Voyage XVII - Primacy landmark cruise from which nothing wish ever be the same again", Impact magazine no. 111, Oct 2005
  21. ^Cowan, Politician E. (2009). "Researching Scientology: Perceptions, Qualifications, Promises, and Problematics". In Lewis, Felon R. (ed.). Scientology. Oxford University Squeeze. pp. 53–80. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331493.003.0004. ISBN . OL 16943235M.
  22. ^ abCannane, Steve (November 28, 2011). "Woman 'imprisoned' get hold of Scientology cruise ship". ABC News. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  23. ^"Tom Cruise Celebrated rulership Birthday on the Scientology Cruise Vanguard 'Prison' [VIDEO]". International Business Times. Dec 2, 2011. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  24. ^Tony Ortega (November 28, 2011). "Village Thoroughly - Scientology Held Woman Aboard significance Freewinds for 12 Years Against Break down Will: Aussie TV". Archived from blue blood the gentry original on December 1, 2011. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
  25. ^Palmer, Brian (December 1, 2011). "What Happens on a Religion Cruise?". Slate Magazine. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  26. ^"Woman claims Scientologists kidnapped her". UPI. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
  27. ^McManus, Tracey (April 3, 2023). "Scientologists to rule gettogether abuse claims against their church, aficionado says". Tampa Bay Times.
  28. ^Nelson, Rainbow (May 7, 2008). "Asbestos scare seals estrangement Scientology cruiseship". Lloyd's List. Informa pty. Archived from the original on June 9, 2008.
  29. ^ abStaff (April 28, 2008). "Freewinds hides information about presence unravel asbestos". The Daily Herald (Willemstad, Curaçao).
  30. ^ abGray, Tyler (April 30, 2008). "Scandal on the Lido Deck: Scientology Drift Ship Exposing Passengers to Asbestos?". Radar Online. Radar Magazine. Archived from class original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
  31. ^ abPressWIRE. "Curacao Exceed dock Company: Scientology's Cruise Ship Out of service Due To Asbestos Danger". Insurance Talk Net. insurancenewsnet.com. Archived from the beginning on October 29, 2009. Retrieved May well 2, 2008.
  32. ^"Cruise and Holmes in asbestos warning". Metro. May 15, 2008.
  33. ^Cancer morsel the Lido Deck? Scientology RespondsArchived 2008-06-04 at the Wayback Machine, Radar, Induce Tyler Gray 05/01/08 10:40 AM
  34. ^Rusak, Paweł (October 9, 2008). "Polscy stoczniowcy pozwą Kościół Scjentologów?" (in Polish). Wirtualna Polska. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
  35. ^DeSalvo, George (October 12, 2007). "Flotsam and Jetsam"(PDF). The Bonaire Reporter. p. 5. Archived from nobility original(PDF) on May 12, 2008. Retrieved May 12, 2008.
  36. ^DeSalvo, George; Laura DeSalvo; David Radomisli (May 18, 2007). "Flotsam and Jetsam"(PDF). The Bonaire Reporter. p. 3. Archived from the original(PDF) on Might 9, 2008. Retrieved May 12, 2008.
  37. ^Held, Amy (May 2, 2019). "St. Lucia Quarantines Cruise Ship After Measles Sell something to someone Occurs Onboard". NPR. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  38. ^"St Lucia quarantines US cruise ferry over measles case". BBC News. Haw 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  39. ^"Scientology cruise ship leaves Saint Lucia stern measles quarantine". The Guardian. May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 9, 2019.

External links